System for control of bodies by radiant energy

ABSTRACT

16,328. Hammond, J. H. July 14, 1913, [Convention date]. Gyroscopic apparatus.-In a method of controlling from a distance the steering of moving bodies, such as torpedoes and torpedo boats, by means of electro-magnetic waves, the moving body is provided with gyroscopic means to maintain a predetermined direction of movement, and means controlled by radiant energy serve to terminate or modify the control of the body by the gyroscope-maintaining means. In the system shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the steering- mechanism is controlled by the piston 23 of a cylinder 22 connected by ports to passages 41, 42 around a ring 36, which is connected by springs 38, 39 to the hull of the vessel. The ring 36 has radial passages 40, 46 which aline with passages 31, 45 in a shaft 25, kept in a fixed position in space by the gyroscope. As long as the vessel maintains the predetermined course, the passages 40, 46 are kept midway between the exhaust ports 47, 48 and the ports 41, 42 connected to the cylinder 22, but when the vessel deflects from its course fluid is admitted to one side or the other of the piston 23, thus adjusting the steering-mechanism. When the controlling-operator wishes to vary the course of the vessel, electro-magnetic waves are transmitted and cause a magnet 7 to admit fluid under pressure from a pipe 12 to cylinders 11, 17. The piston 18 of the cylinder 17 moves a sliding rod 28, which closes the pressure inlet 30 of the passage 31 and disconnects the ring 36 from the shaft 25, thus removing the gyroscopic control from the cylinder 22. In the modified system shown in Figs. 10 and 11, the steering-gear is controlled by the piston 96 of a cylinder 95 connected by passages 100, 101, 102, 103 to ports 91, 92, 93, 94 in a ring 87 surrounding an extension 86 of a shaft 25 kept fixed in space by the gyroscope. The shaft 25 has passages 82, 83 connected to pressure and exhaust, extensions 84, 85 of these passages being kept midway between the ports 91, 92 and 93, 94 so long as the vessel keeps its predetermined course, but, when the vessel is deflected from its course, fluid is admitted to one side or other of the piston 96, thus adjusting the steering-mechanism automatically. The ring 87 is in frictional engagement with the hull of the vessel, and is provided with ratchetteeth 88 whereby it can be rotated in either direction by the cores of solenoids 76, 77, so as to vary the relative position of the ring 87 and the shaft 25, thereby varying the direction in which the gyroscope steers the vessel. The solenoids 76, 77 are selectively controlled by detectors 72, 73 in oscillation circuits tuned to different wave lengths. The controlling-operator can thus adjust the control of the vessel by the gyroscope both as to its direction and amount.

J. H. HAMMOND, JII.

SYSTEM FOR CONTROLOF BODIES BY RADIANT ENERGY.

APPLICATION FILED IuLYIfI. 1.9113. IIENEWED 00T. s. 1915.

o Ptentedlune 6, 1922 2 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

uNrrv srAfri-z PATNT o FFIC.

SYSTEMFORHCONTROL OF BODIES BY RADIANT ENERGY.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented June 6,' 192%,

Application filed July 14, 1918, Serial No. 778,828. Renewed October 9, 1915. Sierial No. 55,114.

T 0 all Iwhom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN HAYs HAM- MOND, Jr., a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Gloucester, in the 4county of Essex and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in- Systems for Control of Bodies by Radiant Energy(Case A), of'which the following description, in*

connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like characters on the drawings representing like parts.

- This invention relates to the control of moving bodies at a distance by radiant ener@ Iii order that the principle of the invention may be readily understood, I have d1sclosed asingle embodiment thereof 1n the accompanying drawing wherein;

Fig. 1 is a View partially in vertical sec.

tion upon the line 1 1 of Fig.` 2, and partially diagrammatic, of oneform of apparatus for practising my invention;

Fig. 2 is a transverse section `upon the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a detail representing the valve preferably employed by me and operating means therefor;

Fig. 4 is a view partially in vertlcal section and partially diagrammatic, showlng a-form of valve -mechanism preferably employed in the practice of my invention, and the parts associated therewith; and

Figs. 5 to 9 are vertical sections upon 'the corresponding lines of Fig. 4.

In order to control moving bodies at a distance by radiant energy, such for eX- ample as vessels. it has heretofore been necessary that the operator shall, at all times. be in touch with and constantly exercising control of the mechanism on board the vessel or other moving body which he is guiding. In practice, and particularlyin controlling the'course of a torpedo or other moving vessel by radiant energy, I have found that prior to my invention there has been aconstant need of sending signals in order to rectify the errors in the course of such vessels due to wave, wind, current, and other phenomena. An important object of my invention is to provide means for maintaining a definite, predetermined or fixed direction of movement of the body, to which I shall herein refer for purposes of description as a vessel, and which may be of the represented as,

torpedo or other-type, and from which the dlrection or cont-rol of the vessel may be ,relieved by the distant operator who may then, by proper wave emission from the control station, direct the course of the`vessel. For the accomplishment of my purpose, I prefer to provide a controller, herein and preferably, which will keep the vessel on a fixed, delinite or predetermined course except at such times as the operator desires to change the course and thereupon'modilies the` action of the gyroscope upon the vessel, as by temporarlly terminating the control of they gyroscope thereover. I thereby obviate the necessity of constant wave emission from the control station, as for, the purpose of compensating for straight course due to the phenomena previously referred to, or other causes, and therefore greatly minimize the possibility of the enemy determining the wave length used in t-he control of the torpedo or other vessel and thereupon interfering with the control thereof.

Referring to the drawing wherein I have a gyroscope,

deviations from -ashown a single embodiment of means for carrying out my invention, I lhave indicated' type and shown as having in a condenser 3 and a suitable detector 4 for electrical oscillations. At 5, Ihave indicated a sensitive relay or other contact making device. These parts may be of any suitable construction not herein necessary more fully to describe or to indicate.

At 6, I have indicated a suitable battery or other source of electric energy, and at 7 I have diagrammatically represented a magnet controlling an armature 8 constructed as a valve having a port 9 therein and adapted when attracted by the magnet, to 'open a port 10 in a suitable cylinder 11 wherein said armature valve is suitably mounted, whereby air or other, suitable fluid under pressure is admitted through a passage 12 in commmunication with a suitable tank or other supply of said fluid under pressure. Said tank or reservoir is represented at 12 in Fig. 4. When the armature valve is not attracted the port 10 is closed. The cylinder 11 is provided with a piston 13 havinga plunger 14 normally pressed toward the left,

viewing Fig. 1 by a spring 15 or other suitable means., The Walls -of the cylinder 1l are provided with exhaust ports 10 adapted to register with the port 9 when the magnet 7Vis de-energized.

v The cylinder 11 is in fluid communication by a passage 16 vwith a cylinder 17 having therein a piston .18 `normally held against upward movement by a compression spring 19 suitabl positioned or other suitable means. hen air or other suitable fluid is admitted through the passage 12 into the cylinder 11 upon the receipt of an impulse by the oscillatory circuit 1, the piston 13 is moved against the stress ofthe spring 15 in. the direction of the arrow and at the same time the` air or other fluid under pressure is admitted into the cylinder 17 below the piston 18 thereby'f elevating the latter. The plunger 14 of the cylinder 11 preferably operates a suitable rotary pneumatic valve 14 .f represented in Figs. 3 and 4 and the p ortsof which are respectivel in communication with the ports 20, 21o a cylinder 22 having thereina piston 23 carried by a plunger 24, so that upon themovement of the piston 13, the said pneumatic valve will be controlled as hereinafter described to admit `the com-l pressed air or other fluid into the cylinder 22 at the proper side of the piston 23, the plunger 24 whereof is suitably connected to the rudder or,other steering mechanism of the vessel and constitutes a Iportion of the rudder means.

I employ a suitable controller for the purpose of maintaining a'definite, predetermined or fixed direction of movement of the vessel, and have founda gyroscope 'to Vbe,

leasing the vessel from the control of the gyroscope. For that purpose I have herein represented the -plunger '26 of the piston 18 as connected by a suitably mounted arm 27 to an upright plunger rod 28 having at its upper end a slide or other suitable valve 29 controlling a port '30 of a passage 31 in the shaft orrod 25. Surrounding 'the shaft or rod` 25 is a suitable fluid receiving chamber 31 which is in communication by lpassage 32 with the supply tank for compressed air or other fluid, previously referred to. Vr

The plunger rod 28 is suitablyv guided for vertical movement in a lu 33 of the shaft or rod 25 and in the wall o the chamber 31 and at its lower end is provided with a suitable rounded or other formation 34 adapted to fit into 'anyone of a series of sockets or ratchet formations 35 inthe upper face of a rin 36 which is mounted within the hull 37 o the vessel so asto move freely with respect thereto 4when not operatively connected to the roscope as described, excepti-ng that it 1s provlded with springs 38, 39 connecting it to the hull and by which its passage 40, indicated as substantially radial in Fig. 2 and in communication with the passage 31 of the rod or shaft 25, is normally eld 1n a central position with respect to the pssages 41 and 42 of the hull of the vessel.

hen the ring 36 is clutched or connected tothe shaft or rod 25 of the gyroscope, the said ring and therefore its'passage 40 remain fixed in space. Y

The said rod or plunger 25 is maintained fixed in space by the action of the gyroscope and so long as the plunger 28 is maintained in clutching engagement with the ring 36, the vesselis maintained on a fixed, definite or predetermined course (which is pref- 'erably a straight ahead course) inasmuch as if the'vessel swings toward port while under the control of the gyroscope, the passage 41 of the vessel is brought into communication with the passage 40 of the ring 36 and the passage 31 of the gyroscopically controlled rod or shaft 25, thereby admitting fluid under pressure to the said passage 41 lwhi'ch is in communication by means of a suitable passage 43 with the cylinder 22. lin this mannerv the rudder or other suit-able guiding device of the vessel is moved sufficiently torestore the vessel to or to maintain lit upon its predetermined course, or in other words to counteract any tendency of the vessel to deviate from its proper course. Similarly, if the vessel tends to turn to starboard, then the passage 42 of the hull is brought into register with the passage 4Q of the ring 36 and into communication with the lpassage 31 of the gyroscopically controlled rod or shaft 25, whereby the air or other fluid under pressure 1s admitted through the passage 44 into the cylinder 22 at the other side of the piston 23 thereby to move the latter in the opposite direction, thus turning the rudder suiiiciently to maintain the vessel upon its predetermined or fixed course.

I have represented the shaft or rod 25 as having an exhaust passage 45 in communication (when the rin shaft or rod 25) wit a passage 46 in the 'ring 36 and with which either of the exhaust passages 47, 48of the hull may be brought into communication, -it being evident that when the admission passage 41 of the hull is in communication with the passage 40 of the ring`36, the exhaust passage 47 of the hull is in communication with the passage 46 of the ring 36, and conversely, when the admission passage 42 of the hull is'in communication with the passage 40, the` exhaust passage 48 is in communication with 36 is clutched to the I form of suitable connection for the purpose I have herein represented.

As shown most clearl in Fig. 4, the rotary valve 14 is mounted or rotation within a suitable casing 51. It has an end or spindle 52 protruding through said casing, and thereon is loosely lmounted a gear 53. lFast upon said spindle is a ratchet 54, preferably having eight teeth, withV which may suitably engage a pawl 55 pivoted upon the face of the ear 53 and held in position by spring 56. ith the teeth of the gear 53 are adapted to mesh the teeth 57 formed upon the outer end of the plunger 14 shown in Fig. 1, whereby upon each energization of the magnet 7 said plunger 14 is moved to thel right, viewin Figs. l and 3, thereby to impart an eig th rotation to said 'rotary valve 14.

As shown in Figs. 4 to 9, the said valve l14 is provided with a passage 58 extending axially therealong and in communication with a pipe 59 leading from the main reservoir 12. From the said axial passage 58 extend two substantially radially-aligned passages 60, 61, and two similar passages 62, 63, arranged at right angles to the passages 60, 61. The valve 14 is' also provided with peripheral ports 64, 65, 65 and 66, which may be intermittently and in turn brought into register with the exhaust port 67.

As shown most clearly in Fig. 4, the passages 60, 61 are adapted periodically to be brought into communication with the supply passage 21, and similarly and alternately the passages'62, 63 are adapted to be brought into communication with the supply passage 20, whereby Huid under pressure may be admitted as required to opposite sides of the piston 23 when the vessel is steered from the distant control station. The exhaust passages 47, 48 in the hull of thevessel, and

adapted periodically to be brought into communication with the exhaust passage 46 of the ring 36, are in communication with the exhaust pipes 49, 50 (shown also in Fig. 1) and the latter are also continued ,to the casing of the rotary valve 14', so that they may .be alternately brought into communication With-the exhaust port 67 by means of the ports 64, 65, 65 and 66.

When the vessel or'other moving body is controlled by the gyroscope, fluid under pressure is admitted to the cylinder 22 by ineans of the pipe 43 or the pipe 44, and is exhausted through the pipe 49 or 50, the -eX- haust fluid passing in' the direction of the arrows upon said pipes to the pipes47 or48, and thence through the exhaust 46. When,

the piston 23, and is exhausted through the pipe 49 or 5()` and thence through the ports 1n the rotary Valve to the exhaust 67, inasmuch as at suchl times the exhaust does not occur through the passage 46. Referring more indetail to the manner of operating the apparatus shown, so long as the vessel is being steered in one direction, as, for ex-v ample, to the right, a continuous impulse issent by holding down the key at the trans mitting station. l This results in the continu ous energization of the magnet 7, so that the valve 8 is constantly held in its position to .the left, thereby admitt'r'glair through pipe 12 and ports 9 and 10. is moves the piston 13 to the right, viewing Fig. 1, thereby turning the rotary valve through one step and so as to admit steering air `to the proper end of the piston 22, as, for example, at the right hand end thereof. ,This lifts the piston 18 in the cylinder 17, andV thereby dis connects the gyroscope. If now the vessel has been steered suicient-ly in one direction and it is desired to let the gyroscope control, then the impulse is terminated, thus bringing the exhaust ports 10 in the wall of the cylinder 11 into register with the passage 9 in-the valve 8'. This permits the piston 13'to return to the left and by permitting air to escape through the pipe 16 tends to let the piston 18 down. The disk 36 is, however, not immediately clutched, inasmuch as the clutch operates slowly. 'Another impulse is immediately sent, thereby moving the piston 13 again to the right, and thus turning the rot-ary valve one step, that is, one eighth, revolution. This admits further air beneath the piston 18 and checks its downward movement. The rotary valve being now in the neutral position, the distant operator immediately ceases sending and, the valve 7 becoming deenrgized, the

lvalve 8 returns to the right and brings the port 9 therein into register with t-he ports 10, thus permitting air to escape from the cylinder 11 and also from beneath the piston 18 in the cylinder 17. This permits the gyros'cope tobe clutched in, so that it again functions. 1f, now, it is desired tosteer the lvessel in the opposite direction, then another prolonged impulse is sent, which turns the rotary valve one step and maintains the valve 8 open so long -as steering in such direction, thereby unclutching the gyroscope and maintainin it unclutched so long as the steering in suc last mentioned direction continues.` 1f, now, it be desired again to permit the gyroscope to control, the -former operation is repeated.

Any other suitable connections may be'A example as Winds, Waves and currents, andit. is therefore unnecesary fortheoperator on shore, or at any other distant point, to constantly transmit signals for the pu ose i of rectifying such errors in the course o the vessel as would otherwise arise from the disturbing phenomena to which, I have referred.` Inasmuch as the operator need not constantly, or at frequent intervals, send impulses to maintain vthe 'vessel upon itsfixed course, the possibility is largely minimized of the determination by the enemy of the Wave length used in controllingthe vessel.

'Wheml however, the distant operator wishes to chan the course of the vessel from that pre etermined, or fixed course upon which it is maintained by the gyroscopic control, he sends a suitable impulse, in the manner described, Which Will serve to energize the `magnet 7 thus admitting air under pressure or other suitable fluid into the cylinder 11, thereby releasing the vessel from'the gyroscopic control and' admitting ,the compressed Huid by means of the described rotary pneumatic valvev into the cylinder 22 at the-proper side of the piston 23' so as to turn the rudder in the proper direction. It will `be understood that the vessel or other body may be propelled in any suitable manner.- Having thus described one illustrative embodiment of my invention, I desire it to be understood that `although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the following claims:

1. A system for controlling the operation of moving bodies at a distance by'radiant energy including in combination, a body to be propelled, means carried thereby to maintain a predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement thereof, means upon said body controlled by radiant energy from a distant station to steer said body in directions independent of the relative position of said body and said control station and also of said predetermined direction of bodily movement, and. co-acting means controlled from said distant station to determine or fix by vradiant energy therefrom the control of said body by said direction maintaining means.

2. A system for controlling the operation.l

of moving 'bodies at a elistancebyY radiant energy of characteristic periodicity, includ- Y images ing in combination a -boly to be propelled, provided with means to maintain a predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement thereof, steering means independent of said direction' maintaining means,

and means to terminate by radiant energy of characteristic periodicity from a distance the control of said body by said direction maintaining means. y

3. A' system for controlling the operation of movin bodies at a distance including in combination, a vessel to be propelled, means carried thereby to maintain a predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement thereof, means upon said body controlled from a distant station to steer said body in directions independent of the relative positions of said body and said distant control station and also of said predetermined direction of bodily movement, and co-acting means controlled from said distant station 'to determine or fix therefrom the control of said lbody by said direction-maintaining means.

4. A system for controlling the operation of vessels at a distance by radiant energy, including in combination a vessel to be propelled having a -gyroscope to impart thereto a predetermined or definite direction of movement controlled means for transmitting radiant energy from a distance, and means responsive to such radiant energy from a distance to release the vessel from the action of said gyrosco'pe.

' 5. A system for controlling the operation of vessels at a distance by radiant energy,

including in combination a vessel to be propelled having a gyroscope to impart thereto a predetermined or definite direction of movement,` controlled means for transmitting radiant energy from a distance, and means responsive to such radiant energy `frorn a distance to release. the vessel from the action of said gyroscope and to direct the bodily movement thereof.

6. A system for controlling the operation of moving bodiesat a distance by radiant energy including in combination, a body to be propelled, a controller thereon to maintain a predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement thereof, means upon said body controlled by radiant energy from a distant stationto steer said body in directions independent of the relative positions of said body and l'said distant control station, and alsol of said controller, and coacting means controlled from said distant station to determine or fix by radiant energyrampes tions of 'said body and said distant control station and also said predetermined direction of bodily movement, and means controlled from said distant station to varyv the direction of movement of the body from that imposed thereon -by said gyroscope.

8. vA system for controlling the operation of moving bodies at a distance by radiant energy including in combination, a body to be propelled, rudder means therefor, a gyroscope upon said body to maintain a predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement thereof, means upon said body controlled by radiant energy from av distant station to steer said body in directions independent of the relative positions of said body and said distant control station and also of said predetermined direction of bodily movement, and co-acting means controlled from said distant station to vary the control of said body by said direction-maintaining means and to steer said' body through said rudder means. p

9. A system for controlling the operation of moving bodies at a distance by radiant energy including in combination, a body to be propelled, rudder means therefor, fluid pressureA means governing said rudder means, means carried by said body to maintain a predetermined or definite direction of 35 bodily movemen thereof, means upon said body and control ed by radiant energy from a distant station to steer said body through said fluid pressure means in' directions independent of the relative positions of said 40 body and said distant control station and also of said predetermined direction of bodily movement, and co-acting means controlled from said distant station to determine or fix by radiant energy therefrom the control of said body by said direction-maintaining means.

' l0. A system for controlling the operation of moving bodies at a distance by radiant energy of characteristic periodicity, including in combination a body to be propelled, provided with means to maintain a predetermined or definte direction of bodily ,move ,ment thereof, steering means independent of lsaid direction maintaining means, and means controlled by raidant energy of characteristic periodicity to effect the steering of said body by said steering means and to release the body from the'control of said direction maintaining means.

1l. A system for controlling the operation of moving bodies at a distance by radiant energy including in combination, a body to be propelled, rudder means therefor, fluid pressure means 'governing said rudder means,

a gyroscope carried by said body to maintain a predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement thereof, means-upon said body and-controlled by radiant energy from a dlstant station to steer said body through said fluid pressure means in directions. independent of the relative positions of said body and said distant control station and also of said predetermined direction 'of bodily movement, and co-acting means controlled from said distant station to determine or fix by radiant energy therefrom-the control of said body by said gyroscope.

121A system for controlling the operation of moving bodies from a distance by radiant energy including in combination, a body to be propelled, means carried thereby to maintain a 4predetermined or definite direction, of bodily movement thereof, means upon said body controlled by radiant ener from a distant control station to ysteer said body in directions independent'of the relative positions of said body and said distant control station and also of said predetermined direction of bodily movement, and co-acting means controlled from "said distant station to interrupt by radiant ener y therefrom the control of said body by sald direction-maintaining means.

13. A system for controlling the operation of moving bodies from a distance by radiant energy including in cpmbination, a body to be propelled, means carried thereby i to maintain a predeterminedor definite direction of bodily movement thereof, meansv upon said body controlled by radiant energy 100 from a distant control station to steer said body in directions independent of the relative positions of said body and said distant control station and alsoV of said predetermined direction of bodily movement, and 105 co-acting means controlled from said distant station to terminate by radiant energy therefrom the control of said body by said 'direction-maintaining means.

14:. A system for controlling the opera- 110 tion of moving bodies at a distance by radiant energy, including in combination a vessel having a gyroscope to impart thereto a predetermined or definite direction of movement, rudder means, fluid .pressure means 115 operable uponsaid rudder means and controlled in its operation thereon by said gyroL scope and means responsive to radiant energy from a distance to disconnect said vessel and gyroscope and to control said rud- 120 der means through said fluid pressure means.

l5. A system for controlling the operation of moving bodies at a distance by radlant energy, including in combination a vessel having a gyroscope to maintain a prede- 125 termined or definite direction of bodily movement thereof, a rotary member maintained fixed in space by said gyroscope, rudder means, fluid pressure means'operable on said rudder means, the vessel and said ro- 13o tar meimber having' passages vfor the f'luid un er pressure, and means responsive to radiant energy from a distance to interrupt the flow of fiuid through said passages. 16. A systemfor controlling the operation of moving bodies ata distance by radiant energy, including in combination a vessel having a gyroscope to malntain a predetermined 4or definite direction of bodily movement thereof, rudder means, fluid pressure means operable upon said rudder means, means to clutch said gyroscope and said vessel and to control said fluid pressure means, and means responsive to radiant energy from a distance to unclutch said vessel and roscope. v 17. A system for controlling the operationl of moving bodies at a distance by radiant energy, including in combination a vessel having a'gyroscope vto maintain a predetermined or definite direction of odily movement thereof, rudder means, fiuid pressure means operable upon said rudder means and controlled in its operation thereon by said gyroscope controlled means for transmitting radiant energy from a distance, and a single, acting'means, responsive to such radiant energy from a distance, to terminate the control ofthe vessel by said'gyroscope,

and upon such termination, to act upon said,

rudder means.

18. A system for controlling the opera- Ation of moving bodiesat a distance by radiant energy', including in combination a vessel having a gyroscope to maintain a predetermined or definite directionof bodily movement thereof, rudder means, fluid pressure means operable upon said rudder means and controlled in its operation thereon -by 'said gyroscope controlled means for transl mittlng radlant energy from a d1stance, .and a single actingmeans, responsive to such pelled, a controller carried Ithereby to maintain a predetermined or ldefinite direction of bodily movement thereof, means upon said vessel controlled by radiant energyfrom 4al distantcontrol station to steer said vessel in directions independent of the relative positions of said vessel and said distant control station andalso of said predetermined directionl of bodily movement, and c-oacting meansv controlled from saiddistant Station to interrupt by radiant energy therefrom the control of said vessel-'by said directionmaintaining means.=

20. A system for controlling the operation of moving bodies at a distance by radiant pendent of energy of characteristic eriodicity including-1n combination, a bo y to be propelledprovided with means to maintain u predetermined or ,definite direction of bodily movement thereof, steering means indemeans, and means to fii: or determine by radiant energy of characteristic periodicity from a distance the control of said'body by said direction-maintaining means..

21. A system :for controlling the of movin operation bodies at a distance by radiantsaid direction-maintaining energy o characteristic periodicity including 1n combination, a body to be propelled provided with means to maintain a predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement thereof, steering means independent of said direction maintaining means, and means v responsive to` radiant energy of characteristic periodicity from a distance, to release said body from the control of said direction maintaining means.

22. A system for controlling the operation of moving bodies at a distance by radiantenergy vof characteristic periodicity including in combination a body to be propelled, provided With means to maintain a predetermined vor definite direction of bodily movement thereof, a rudder device,l and means responsive to such radiant energy to control the action of Said rudder device irrespective of said direction 'maintaining means. v

23.. A system for controlling the operation of movingbodies at a'ldistance by radiantl energy of characteristicperiodicity including m'combination a body to be propelled,.- provided with means to maintain a predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement thereof, a vrudder device, andV means responsive to such 'radiant energy to control the action Yof said rudder device independently of said direction maintaining 24. A system for controlling the operation of moving bodies at a`distance by .radiant energy including in combination. controlled body to .be propelled-provided Withymeans to maintain a predetermined or definite 'direction of bodily movement thereof, a rudder 'means' for transmitting radiant energy, a

device, 'and means responsive to such radiant energy to control the action of. said rudder device independently of said direction maintaining means.

25. A system for controlling the-operation of moving bodies at a distance by radiant energy including in combination controlled 'means" for transmitting radiant energy, a body to Vbe propelled provided with means to maintain a predetermined or definite direct1on of bodily movement thereof, and means "to terminate by radiant i. energy from said controlled means the control .of said body by sald direction maintaining means.

26. A isystem'for controlling the opera- `direction-maintaining means and to turn saidbody in directions having no fixed re-v lation and independent of that established by said predetermined direction-maintaining means.

27. A system for the controly of moving bodies including in combination, a body to be propelled., steering means thereon, means active upon said steering means to maintain'a predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement of said body and means under predetermined external control independent of the terminus of the bodys travel to effect or' modify the action of said direction maintaining means thereby to direct the body upon any predetermined course.

28. A system for the control of moving bodies including in combination, a body to `be propelled', steering means thereon, a gyroscope active upon said steering means to maintain a predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement of said body, and means under predetermined external control independent of the terminus Aof the bodyis travel to effect or modify the action of said gyroscope thereby to direct the body upon any predetermined course.

29. A system for the vcontrol of moving bodies including in combination, a body to be propelled, steering means thereon, means active upon said steering means to maintain a predetermined or definite direction .of bodily movement of said body and means un- .der predetermined external control inde-- pendent of the terminus of the bodys travel to effect or modify tlie action of said direction maintaining means thereby to direct the body upon either of two divergent courses or upon courses intermediate thereof.

30. A system for the control of moving bodies including' in combination, a body to be propelled, steering means thereon, meansactive upon said steering means to mantain a predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement of said body and means under predetermined external control independent of the terminus of the bodys travel to effect or modify the action of said direction maintaining means thereby to direct the body upon any selected course throughout an unlimited a predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement of said body and means under predetermined external .control independent of the terminus of the bodys travel to effect or modify the action of said direction maintaining means thereby to. direct the body iipon any selected course.

32. system for the control of ,moving bodies including in combination, a body to be propelled, steering means thereon, means active upon said steering means to maintain a predetermined -or definite direction of bodily movement of said body and means un# der predetermined external control independent of the terminus of the bodys travel to effect or modify the action of said direction maintaining means thereby to direct the body upon any selected course of a plurality of courses.

33. A system forthe control of moving bodies including in combination, a body to be propelled, steering means thereon, means active upon said steering means to maintain 1 a redetermined or 'definite direction of bodilymovement ot said body and means under predetermined external control independent of the terminus of the bodys travel to effect or modify the action of said direction maintaining means thereby to direct the body either to starboard` or to port.

34. A system for the control of moving bodies including in combination, a body vto be propelled, steerin means thereon,'means active upon said steerlng means to maintain a predetermined or vdefinite direction of bodily movement of said body and means independently f the target to edect or modify the action of said direction maintaining means V thereby to direct the body upon a fixed selected vcourse toward said target.

35. A system for the control of moving bodiesincluding-in combination, a body to be propelled, steering meansithereon, means active upon said steering means to maintaina predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement of said body andvme'ans indepen' dent of the target to effect or modify the action of the, direction maintaining means to set the body vupon a course determined by the position of the said target.

36. A system for the control of moving bodies including in combination, a body to be propelled, steering means thereon, means active upon said steering means to maintain a predetermined or'definite direction of bodily movement of said body and means independent 0f the target to effect or modify the action of the direction maintaining means to set the body upon a course to starboard or to port determined by the position of the said tar et.

3l. A system for the control of moving bodies including in combination, a body to be propelled, steering means thereon, means active uponsaid steering means to maintain ilo a: redetermined f orv definite" direction- 'of bo ily movement of said body and means under predetermined external control inde-Y ing body to leffect or AXmodify the action of the direction maintaining means to set the body upon a course at any desired angle with respect to said predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement.

39.` A system for the control of moving bodies including in combination, a body to be propelled, steering means thereon, means active upon said steering means to maintain a predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement of said body and means independent of the target to effect or modify the action of the direction maintaining means to set the body upon a course at anydesired angle with respe't to said predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement dependent upon the position of the said target. f

' 40. A system for the control of moving bodiesincluding in combination, .a body to be propelled, steering means thereon, means, active uponsaid steering-means to maintainV a predetermined or definite direction f` bodily movement of said body and means under the control of the sender of the movf ing body to Aeifect r modify `the action of the l direction 'maintaining means to set the body upon a course having any desired degree of divergence with respect to said predetermined or definite direction of bodily move# -ment.

V41. A. system for the control of moving bodies including in combination, a-body to' be propelled, steering means thereon, means .active upon said steering means to maintain`vv a predetermined .or definite direction of bbodily movement of said body and meansV under the control of the sender of the moving body to eifect or modify the action of Vthe direction maintaining means to set lthe body upon a'course at a variable angle with respect to said predeterminedor definite.

direction of bodily movement.

42. A system for the .control of. moving bodies including in combination, a body t'o be propelled, steering means thereon, means active upon said steering means to maintain ,af predetermined orv definite direction of bodily movement of said body and means inde endent of the targetto effect or modify the action of the direction maintaining means to set` the body upon arourse at afvariableangle with respect to said pre- ',determin'ed or definite `directionof bodily movement dependent upon the position of the said target. 43. A system bodies vincluding in combination, al body to bef' propelled, steering'4 meansy thereon,

maintain aspre etermined or de nite direction of bodily movement of said body andl modifying"means Vunder predetermined external control independent ofthe terminus of the bodys travel to effect the travel of said body upon a course at any desired angle WithA respect to said redetermined or definite direction'of bo ily movement 44; A system'for the control of moving. y'bodies including in combination, a body to be propelled, steering means thereon, means active upon said' steering means to maintain a predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement 'of said body, and associated means under 'predetermined control independent of the' terminus of' the bod s travel wherebyy to effect the travel of sai body upon a course at any desired angle with respect to saidl predetermined or deiinite direction of. bodily movement.'

45. A system for the control fmoving bodies includingin combination, a body to be fpropelled, steering means thereon, and

for the control of moving means l'gratins-i1 on?. said .s teerin means to etl means including a' gyroscope and also in- Y cluding controlling meansindependentof the terminus of the bodys' travel to effect the travel of said body upon a' course at any desired.angle with respect to the predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement normally establishedv by said gyroscope.4

46. A system for thel control of moving bodies includingin combination, a body to' l be propelled, steering means thereon,` and `means including a gyroscope and associated co-acting'means independent of the terminus of the bodys travel whereby to effect the travel of said body upon a course at any desired angle with'respect to the course normally established by said'gyroscope.

47. A system for'the control of moving l bodies including in combination, a body to bepropelled, steering means thereon, means to maintain a predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement of said body', andmeans independent of the object to be attacked to eiiectbr modify the action of said ldirection-maint aining means, thereby to direct the body upon a'predetermned course irrespective of sound emanations from the object to be attacked. 'i

48. A system for the control of moving bodies including in combination, a body to be propelled, steering means thereon, means active upon said steering means to main tain a predetermined or definite vdirection of bodily movement of said body, and means responsive to electrical emanations and independent Vof the object to be attacked to effect orl modify the action of said directionmaintaining means, thereb to direct the body upon a predetermine less of sound emanations .from the object to be attacked.A

49. A system for the control of moving bodies including in combination, a body to be propelled, steering means thereon, means vactive upon said steering means to maintain a predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement of said body, and means to ell'ect modification of the action of said direction-maintaining means, and whereby the body may be caused to travel upon a straight course as distinguished from said predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement.,

50. A s stem for the control of moving bodies incliiding in combination, a body to be propelled, steering Ameans therefor, means to maintain a predetermined or definite direction of bodil movement of the body, and means indepen ent of the object to be attacked to modify the action of said direction maintaining means, and whereby the body' may be caused to travel upon a .continuous straight path as contradistinguished from the path determined by said predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement.

51. The combination With a movable body, of means to stabilize said body with respect to a given axis, and means respon- -sive to radiant energy, to modify the control of said body by said stabilizing means and to rotate said body selectively in elther direction about said axis.

52. The combination with a movable body, of, means automatically operative to` stabilize said body With'respect to a givenv axis, and fluid actuated means responsive to radiant energy to modify the control of said body by said stabilizing means and to rotate said body selectively in either direction about said axis.

53. The combination with a movable body, of means including a gyroscope automatically operative to stabilize said body with respect to a given axis, and means responsive to radiant energy to modify the control of said body by said stabilizing means and to rotate said body selectively in either direction about'said axis.

54. The combination with a movable body, of means automatically operative to stabilize said body with respect to a given axis, and means to modify' the automatic operation of s aid stabilizing means and to rotate said body selectively in either direc-` tion about said axis. v-

55. The combination with a movable body, of means automatically operative to stabilize said body with respect to a given course regard' axis, and means to vary the automatic operation of said stabilizing means and to rotate said body selectively in either direction about said axis.

56. The. combination with a movable body, of means automatically operative tol Vrotate said body selectively through any desired ,angle .about said axis.

57. The combination With a movable body, of means automatically operative to stabilize said body with respect to a given axis, and means responsive tov radiant ener y to modify the automatic action of sald stabilizing means and to rotate said body selectively through any desired angle about sald axis.

58. The combination with a movable body, of means automatically operative to stabilize said body with respect to a given axis and means responsive to radiant Aenergy to modify the automatic action of said stabilizing means and to rotate said body selectively to any desired extent in either direction about said axis.

59. The combination with a movable body, of means automatically operative to stabilize said body with respect to a given axis and means responsive to radiant energy to overcome they automatic action of said lstabilizing means and to rotate said body selectively to any desired extent in either direction about said axis.

60. The combination with a dirigible body, of means automatically operative to steersaid body substantially in a predetermined direction, and means responsive to radiant energy to modify the automatic action of said first mentioned means and to steer said body selectively either in one direction or in another direction away from said first mentioned direction.

61. The combination with a movable body, of means automatically operative to stabilize said body with respect to a given axis, said means including tWo elements separately rotatable about a common axis relative to said body, one of said elements being normally held substantially against rotation in space about said common axis and the other of said elements being normally held against rotation about said common axis with respect to said body, and means responsive to radiant energy to rotate said last mentioned element about said common axis with respect to the other of said elements.

62. A system for controlling the operation of moving bodies at a distance by radiant energy including, in combination, a body to be propelled, steering means there, on, iuid said iilui pressure means to maintain va the automatic IeSSllIe means, means aCtlVe upon A predeterminedor definite direction of bodily movementzof' said body, and means to effect the steering of' said body selectively through any part of an unlimited angle.

63. A system for controlling the operation of moving bodies at a distance by radiant energy including, in combination, a body to be propelled, steering means thereon, means to maintain a redetermined or definite direction of bodily movement of said body, and electrically controlled means `to effect the steering of said body selectively through any part of' an'unlimited arc.

64. A system for 'controlling the operation of `moving bodies at a distance by radiant energy including in combination, a body to be propelled, steering means thereon, fiuid pressure means, means active upon said fluid pressure means to maintain a predetermined or definite direction of lbodily movement of said body, and means responsive to radiant energy to effect the steering of said body selectively through any part of an unlimited arc.

65. A system for controlling the operation of moving bodies at a distance by radiant energy including in combination, a body to be propelled, steering means thereon, fluidpressure means, means active upon said fluid pressure means to maintain a predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement of said body, and means responsive to electrical manifestations of radiant energy to effect steering of said body selectively through any part'of an unlimited arc.

66. A system for controlling the operation of movin radiant energy including in combination, a body to be propelled, steering means thereon, fluid pressure means, means active upon said fluid pressure means to maintain a predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement of said body, and means to render inactive said direction maintaining meansr and to effect the steering of said body selectively through any part of an unlimited arc.

67. A system for controlling the operation of moving bodies at a distance by radiant energy including in combination, a body to-be propelled, steering means thereon, means to maintain a predetermined or definite direction of bodily movement of said body, and electrically controlled means to render inactive 'said means to maintain a predetermined or. definite direction of bodily movement and to effect the steering of said body selectively throughany part of an unlimited arc.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my 'name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

JOHN HAYS HAMMOND, JR.

Witnesses: i

J oHN D. CUNNINGHAM, L. BELLE TAU.

bodies at a distance byv 

